Fluid_Flow_Rules_of_Thumb_for_Chemical
6
Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers
Equ i v a l en t
Leng t h
The following table gives equivalent lengths of pipe for various fittings.
Table 1 Equivalent Length of Valves and Fittings in Feet
Contraction
En l a r gemen t
90 ~
Short Long Hard So f t rad. rad. T. T. el l el l
45 ~
9
9
Std. red.
Std. red.
mi t e r bends
Sudden
Sudden
o -->
~
"~
el l
-~- ~
_~
=>
.~o
>
Equiv. L in terms of small d
r ' N~
r
0
0 0
~
!
9
" - -
" ~
>
r
~0 z ~
"~
'
~:o
~, t '-
o 0")
= ~. ,
o :
0
i~. o=
<
c
O
"o T
. -
. ~
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
~
~
~
~
E
E
E
a "O
a
a "O
a
a "O
a
a "O
a "O
a "O
~1
03
~ "
"O
, "O
"O
11/2
55
26
13
7
1
1 2
3 5
2 3
8 9 2 3
5
3
1
4
1
3
2
1
1
2
70
33
17
14
2
2 3
4 5
3 4 10 11 3 4 i
7
4
1
5
1
3
3
1
1
21/2
80 i 40
20
11
2
2 . .
5 . .
3 . . ~ 12
3 . .
8
5
2
6
2
4
3
2
2
3
100
50
25
17
2
2
6
4
14
4
10
6
2
8
2
5
4
2
2
4
130
65 ' 32
30
3
3
7
5
19
5
12
8
3
10
3
6
5
3
3
18
12
4
14
4
9
7
4
4
1
6
200 100
48
70
4
4
11
8
28
8
8
260 125
64
120
6
6
15
9
37
9
25
16
5
19
5
12
9
5
5
2
10
330 ! 160
80
170
7
7
18
12
47
12
31
20
7
24
7
15
12
61 6
2
12 I 400 190
95
170
9 i 9
22
14
55 ~ 14
28 21
20
37
24
8
28
8
18
14
7
7
2
,
i
14
450 210
105
80 i 10 ' 10 ' 26
16
62 , 16
32 24
22
42
26
9
- -
- -
20
16
8
- -
16
500 240
120
1 4 5 ' 11
11
29 ~ 18
72
18 ' 38 27
24
47
30
10
- -
m
24
18
9
- -
- -
18
550 280
140
160
12
12
33
20
82
20 i 42 30
28
53
35
11
~
~
26
20
10
m
20
650 300
155
210
14
14
36
23
90
23
46 33
32
60
38
13
~
30
23
11
22 ! 688 335 ~ 170
225
15
15
40
25
100
25
52 36
34
65
42
14
~
~
32
25
12
24
750 370
185 i 254
16
16
44
27
110
27
56 39
36
70
46
15
~
~ ' 35
27
13
30
~
m
312
21
21 i 55
40 ' 140
40
70 ~ 51
44
:
i
'
i
;
36
m
~
~
25
25
66 i 47 i 1 7 0
47
84 60
52
!
I
l
42
~
~
! 30
30
77
55
200
55
98 69
64
48 54
m
~ ~
35 40
35 40
88 99
65 70
220 250
65 70
112 81 126 90
72 ] 80 i
~
60
~
~
45
45
110
80
260
80
190 99
92
Sources
1. GPSA Engineering Data Book, Gas Processors Sup- pliers Association, 10th Ed. 1987. 2. Branan, C. R., The Process Engineer's Pocket Hand- book, Vol. l, Gulf Publishing Co., p. 6, 1976.
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